The Tatebana of the Muromachi Period (end of 14th century to late 16th century) is the first clear expression of ikebana. This was also the period when ikebana became separate from religion and the emphasis came to be put on the act of arranging rather than on the mere appreciation of the beauty of the materials. Chabana, which developed in the same period, was closely related to the tea ceremony.

From the Azuchi Momoyama Period (1560-1600) through the beginning of the Edo Period (1603-1867), Ikebana became widely popular among the urban merchant class.

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